Healthy gingiva is firm, dull, pale pink in color and does not bleed during brushing. Gum disease is an inflammatory condition caused by food residues and bacteria accumulated on the gums. In cases where bacteria and food residues are not removed, tartar forms on the tooth surface. These conditions cause swelling, bleeding and inflammation of the gums. In the treatment of gum disease, tartar cleaning should be done, oral hygiene should be provided and oral care should be done very well by the patient. In cases where the calculus progresses further, an advanced operation, 'curettage', may be required. The urethral process is the surgical or laser removal of deeper calculus.